Quantum Supremacy: Are We Close to a Breakthrough
Quantum computing was once just an idea, but now it’s quickly
becoming a reality. Machines that can tackle complex
problems beyond the capabilities of today’s most powerful computers are
being developed by organizations all over the world. Applications for quantum
computing include science, technology, finance, healthcare, cybersecurity and
more.
Quantum supremacy has garnered a lot of interest lately. But just
how close are we to witnessing a breakthrough?
What is Quantum Supremacy?
Quantum supremacy is the point at which a quantum computer can
solve a problem faster than a classical computer. Scientists have already
proven quantum supremacy can be possible. However, there are still many
obstacles that need to be overcome before quantum computing achieves practical
supremacy.
Quantum Supremacy Doesn’t Solve Business
Problems
Quantum computers are not better at performing every task compared
to traditional computers. The majority of quantum supremacy
milestones have been tarnished due to the specific
nature of the calculation being performed. Most quantum calculations to date
have been very specific to quantum computers and don’t have any real world
application.
How Are Quantum Computers Different?
Computers use bits to process information. A bit is either a zero
or a one. However, quantum computers use what are called qubits. Qubits allow
quantum computers to exist in multiple states at once.
Imagine having 3000 synced coins spinning in the air at the same
time. Each time one of those coins flips to show heads or tails, the quantum
computer calculates that possibility. As you can imagine, that’s a lot of
calculations happening simultaneously. The more qubits you have, the more computational
power you get exponentially.
Why Was the Google Announcement So Important?
Quantum research took a leap forward when it was announced a
Google-designed quantum processor had completed a specific computational task
in 200 seconds. It was claimed that the same calculation would’ve taken 10,000
years to complete on a classical supercomputer.
The scientific community had mixed feelings about Google’s
announcement. Some quantum researchers believed the comparison was unfair, and
others felt the two systems were not tested using the same metrics. However,
one thing everyone agreed on is that interest and investment in quantum
technology around the world started growing at an extremely fast rate once the
announcement was made.
Quantum Hardware Showcases Promising Progress
Quantum hardware has already shown significant advancements.
Although increased performance comes with more qubits, research has also been
done to improve the quality of those qubits.
Examples:
●
Increased qubit coherence times
●
Lower error rates
●
Improved processor design
●
Better quantum control
●
Error Rates Are Still an Issue
Quantum bits or qubits are very fragile. Even the smallest
interference from something like temperature, electromagnetic energy, or
unintended interaction with energy outside of the qubits can cause problems
with quantum calculations. Error rates are a significant problem that needs to
be solved before quantum computing can be used to solve real world business
problems.
Quantum Error Correction Is Quickly Developing
Quantum error
correction is the widely accepted key to large scale
quantum computing. Error correction requires the use of multiple physical
qubits to create a single logical qubit. Recently there has been some promising
advancements in quantum error correction, with many experts believing we are
making steady progress.
Companies and industries waiting on quantum computing.
Quantum computers have the potential to solve many different
complex problems. Any business or industry that has an optimization or
simulation problem is waiting on quantum computing.
●
Pharmaceutical companies
●
Financial companies
●
Logistical companies
●
Materials science
Quantum Computing Is Not a Race to One Winner
Everyone wants to be first, but in the quantum computing race there
are many different players competing for the lead. Technology companies,
universities, and government organizations are investing billions of dollars
into quantum computers.
This means that new breakthroughs will be made increasingly faster
as more research is being done around the world. Competition is heating up
among global leaders in technology such as IBM, Google, Intel, Microsoft, and
more.
Quantum Software Is Being Developed
Quantum hardware often gets the most limelight, but quantum
software is being developed as well. Just like any other software application
that runs on traditional computers, quantum software needs to be developed for
quantum computers.
Let's explore some key advancements and challenges in quantum
hardware development:
|
Advancement |
Impact |
Challenges |
Example Companies |
|
Increased qubit coherence |
Longer computational accuracy |
Thermal instability |
Google, IBM |
|
Lower error rates |
Higher reliability |
Environmental interference |
IonQ, Rigetti |
|
Better quantum control |
Precise calculations |
High complexity |
Microsoft, D-Wave |
|
Improved processor design |
Enhanced scalability |
Costly R&D |
Intel, Honeywell |
These improvements are essential for making quantum hardware
practical and ready for real-world applications.
Once quantum software
becomes more advanced, developers will be able to start creating
their own quantum applications. Software is just as important as hardware will
will play a large role in quantum’s ability to be used by businesses.
Quantum Supremacy Is Not the Same as Quantum
Utility
Just because quantum computers can solve a specific problem faster
than traditional computers doesn’t mean it’s useful. Most of the quantum
supremacy milestones involve solving a problem that isn’t very useful.
Quantum utility will be the new milestone where quantum computers
can solve real world problems and provide businesses with a competitive
advantage.
Quantum Computers Could Spell Trouble for
Cybersecurity
If someone tells you quantum computers are not a threat to
cybersecurity, they’re lying. Quantum computers have the ability to break
certain forms of encryption.
Unlike past technological improvements, there is no patch we can
create to fix cybersecurity vulnerabilities that quantum computers will bring.
Many organizations are already working on quantum resistant
encryption.
Quantum Computers Require Special
Infrastructure
Quantum computers aren’t like traditional computers. Some quantum
computers require liquid helium to keep them cooled at temperatures near
absolute zero.
Along with special cooling requirements, quantum computers require
expensive and precise infrastructure to function.
The Future Expectations of Quantum Computing
Experts
Experts are expecting quantum computers to continue improving over
the next couple of years. Qubit performance is increasing, error correction is
being developed, and quantum software is being created.
Quantum computers are unlikely to take over the world in a
revolutionary breakthrough. Instead, we can expect smaller breakthroughs that
continue pushing quantum computing closer to solving real world
business problems.
Quantum Computers Could Help Ai
In the future quantum computing could help AI perform certain tasks
faster. It’s been shown that quantum computing can improve machine learning,
and optimization.
How will quantum computing impact artificial intelligence? Only
time will tell, but we do know that quantum computing has the potential to
improve AI.
Quantum Computing Will Require Large
Investments
Universities, government organizations, and private companies are
investing more and more into quantum computing. This funding goes towards
hiring talent, constructing new quantum research facilities, and experimental
breakthroughs.
The more money that’s invested into quantum computing, the more
likelihood there is of a breakthrough within the next decade.
Quantum Breakthroughs Are Coming
Quantum computing has reached quantum supremacy. However, there is
still a long way to go until we reach quantum utility. We’ve already seen
significant breakthroughs in quantum computing over the past few years.
However, the next breakthrough may not be one specific moment.
Instead, we are likely to see steady progress that overcomes major obstacles and brings us closer to quantum computers solving real world business problems.


